Future Perfect (I will have done)
Das Futur Perfect (oder Futur Perfect Simple) wird normalerweise verwendet, um über Handlungen zu sprechen, die vor einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt, einem Ereignis oder einer anderen zukünftigen Handlung abgeschlossen sein werden.
- He will have finished school before 5pm. (= Er wird bis 17 Uhr mit der Schule fertig sein.)
- The party will already have finished by the time we get there. (= Die Party ist schon vorbei, wenn wir ankommen.)
- Tomorrow morning she will have left. (= Morgen früh wird sie weg sein.)
1/ Bildung
Subjekt + WILL HAVE + Verb (Partizip Perfekt)
| Affirmativ | Negativ | Interrogativ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / you / he / she / it / we / you / they_ | I will have played_ | _I will not (= I won’t) have played_ | _Will I have played?_ |
_
- (+) He will have finished work by 5pm.
- (-) He will not have (= won’t have) finished work by 5pm.
- (?) Will he have finished work by 5pm?
2/ Erklärung und Verwendung
Wir verwenden das Future Perfect, um uns auszudrücken:
* Eine Aktion, die vor einem zukünftigen Ereignis oder einer zukünftigen Aktion durchgeführt wird
Etwas wird vor einer anderen Handlung in der Zukunft oder vor einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft geschehen (tomorrow, next month, before something, by 2pm…).
Sie werden feststellen, dass wir für die Bezugspunkte das Present Simple verwenden:
- He will have cleaned up the house before they move in.
- She will have written the letter before tonight.
- I will have finished the job before the deadline.
- How many countries will you have visited by the time you turn 30?
- By the time he gets home, she will have cleaned the entire room.
- She will have finished this test by noon.
- Phil will have drunk ten beers by the time the party starts.
- Will she have learned enough japanese before she moves to Osaka?
* Die Dauer bestimmter Handlungen vor einem zukünftigen Datum oder Ereignis
- I will have known Sarah for ten years in October.
- Patrick will have lived in Sydney for 10 years by 2014.
- I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.
- By Monday, Karl will have had my Ipod for a month.
- We will have been married for one year next month.
* Die Überzeugung, dass gerade etwas passiert ist
- There’s no point in going to the party. Everybody will have left by now. (= I’m sure everybody has left the party)
- The bus will have left by now. (= I’m sure the bus has left)
- My parents will have arrived in Bangkok by now. (I’m sure my parents have arrived in Bangkok)
3/ Wichtig
⚠️ Man kann ‘going to’ anstelle von ‘will’ verwenden (gleiche Bedeutung).
- The bus will have left by now. = The bus is going to have left by now.
⚠️ Kein Future Perfect mit when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.
Wir verwenden stattdessen das Present Perfect:
- I am going to play video games when I will have finished my homework. ❌
- I am going to play video games when I have finished my homework. ✔️
⚠️ Ausdrücke für gängige Zeiten
Häufig wird das Futur Perfect damit verwendet:
by / by the time / before / by tomorrow / at 7 o’clock / next month / until / till
- He will have retired by the end of this year.
- I will have finished that report before the deadline.
⚠️ Aktive / passive Form
- Tom will have repaired the car before the end of the week. (Activ)
- The car will have been repaired by Tom before the end of the week. (Passiv)
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